船舶使用岸电的经济性分析

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2021.237

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

文中构建了船舶使用岸电的经济性分析模型,并以挂靠上海港洋山三期码头的欧洲航线典型集装箱船为例进行了实证分析。结果表明,在基准情景其他条件不变的情况下,若不提供任何补贴,无论是否征收环保税,船舶使用岸电的成本均高于辅机发电,此时船舶使用岸电不具经济性。为使船舶使用岸电具有经济性,船舶剩余寿命不宜少于5年,岸电使用补贴不宜低于0.55元/(kW∙h),仅征收环保税时税率提高幅度不宜低于当前设定税率的458%,岸电使用率不宜低于39%,单次供电时间不宜低于11.8 h。若岸电收费标准≥1.73元/(kW∙h),或燃油消耗率低于158.70 g/(kW∙h),或合规燃油价格低于2841元/t,则船舶几乎不可能使用岸电。

关键词: 岸电, 经济性分析, 补贴, 环境保护税, 情景分析

Abstract:

A mathematical model was constructed to analyze the economy of vessels’ shore power usage. In this model, a number of factors relevant to government policy, vessel operation, and port operation were considered. Additionally, both equivalent annual cost analysis and scenario analysis were employed. Based on this model, a case study was finished by taking a typical container vessel operated between Europe ports and Shanghai Port (particularly Yangshan phase III terminal). The results show that if all else under the reference scenario is held constant and no subsidy is provided, the cost of using shore power by vessels would definitely be higher than that of using auxiliary power, regardless of whether environmental protection tax (EPT) is levied. Then shipping companies would face uneconomical situation when they use shore power in this case. To make the use of shore power is economical, the vessel’s residual life should not be shorter than five years, or the subsidy standard should be higher than or equal to CNY 0.55 per kW∙h. To meet same requirement, the increase of EPT rate should not be lower than 458% of the assumed rate if only EPT is levied without subsidy, or the utilization rate of shore power should be bigger than or equal to 39%, or the supply time of shore power should be longer than or equal to 11.8 hours. However, it is almost impossible for shipping companies to use shore power if the charging standard of shore power is greater than or equal to CNY 1.73 per kW∙h, or the fuel consumption intensity is below 158.70 g/(kW∙h), or the price of compliant fuel oil is lower than CNY 2841 per t.

Key words: Shore power, Economical analysis, Subsidy, Environmental protection tax, Scenario analysis

陶学宗, 王谦益, 李汉卿. 船舶使用岸电的经济性分析[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2022, 18(4): 492-502.

TAO Xue-Zong, WANG Qian-Yi, LI Han-Qing. Economical analysis of vessels’ shore power usage[J]. Climate Change Research, 2022, 18(4): 492-502.

图/表 8

表1 模型主要参数取值

Table 1 Determination of main parameter values for the model

表2 情景设置情况说明

Table 2 Specification of assumed scenarios

表3 不同情景下船舶靠港期间的用电成本

Table 3 The electricity cost of the vessel at berth under different scenarios

图1 不同情景下的岸电经济性指标

Fig. 1 The trends of economical indicator of shore power under different scenarios

图2 船舶剩余寿命对岸电经济性指标(a)和最迟改造年份(b)的影响

Fig. 2 The impact of vessel’s residual life on the economical indicator of shore power (a) and the latest installation of shore power system on ship (b)

图3 政策因素对岸电经济性指标的影响(a)岸电使用成本补贴额度,(b)岸电系统改造成本补贴率,(c)环境保护税税率,(d)合规燃油排放系数

Fig. 3 The impact of policy factors on the economical indicator of shore power. (a) Subsidy of using cost, (b) subsidy rate of installing cost, (c) rate of environmental protection tax, and (d) emission factors of compliant fuel

图4 非政策因素对岸电经济性指标的影响(a)岸电系统改造成本,(b)岸电使用率,(c)燃油消耗率,(d)油价

Fig. 4 The impact of non-policy factors on the economical indicator of shore power. (a) Installing cost of shore power, (b) utilization rate of shore power, (c) fuel consumption rate, and (d) fuel price

图5 港口相关非政策因素对岸电经济性指标的影响(a)岸电收费标准,(b)岸电排放系数,(c)岸电供电时间,(d)岸电作业时间

Fig. 5 The impact of non-policy factors of port on the economical indicator of shore power. (a) Toll standard, (b) emission factors, (c) supply time, and (d) operation time of shore power

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