碳中和行动的国际趋势分析

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2020.241

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国在第75届联合国大会一般性辩论上提出2060碳中和目标。考虑到已有研究较少关注碳中和或缺少对其国际形势的认识,文中梳理分析了全球31个碳中和承诺国的目标内容和政策法规文件。通过对国际碳中和行动的趋势分析和评述,认为碳中和正在成为全球气候行动关注的重要内容,对于推进全球应对气候变化具有积极意义;而欧盟等发达国家/地区目前在碳中和行动中起到关键引领作用。对于国际碳中和行动,建议敦促美国、印度等排放大国加入全球碳中和目标愿景;各国应加强碳中和技术战略和政策路径设计,并通过国际合作平台扩展碳中和行动和气候合作内容。对于中国碳中和承诺,建议加强典型国家碳中和策略的研究分析,借鉴碳中和行动引领国家的技术路径、政策措施,以及在低碳复苏、社会公平转型等方面的先进经验;开展国际碳中和行动的追踪研究,寻求国际气候合作交流机遇,积极应对国际气候治理形势的变化。

关键词: 碳中和, 气候变化, 长期战略, 低碳复苏

Abstract:

China put forward the goal of 2060 carbon neutrality in the general debate of the 75th UN General Assembly. Existing researches pay less attention to carbon neutrality or lack of understanding of its international situation. This paper presents a review of the target contents and policies and regulations documents of 31 carbon-neutral commitment countries in the world. By analyzing the contents and trends of carbon neutrality documents in various countries, it is found that carbon neutrality is becoming an important part of global climate governance, and developed countries/regions such as the European Union are important leaders in carbon neutrality action. High emission countries including the United States and India shall join the international community of carbon neutrality. The international community shall carefully design the strategies and policy pathways towards carbon neutrality, and include the carbon neutrality vision in international climate governance. China should strengthen the research on carbon neutrality strategies in key countries, draw lessons from the technological path, policy measures and advanced experience in low-carbon recovery and social fair transformation of the country. Follow-up researches should be carried out on international carbon neutrality actions for fast identification of climate governance opportunities and response to changes in the international climate governance situation.

Key words: Carbon neutrality, Climate change, Long-term strategy, Low-carbon recovery

张雅欣, 罗荟霖, 王灿. 碳中和行动的国际趋势分析[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2021, 17(1): 88-97.

ZHANG Ya-Xin, LUO Hui-Lin, WANG Can. Progress and trends of global carbon neutrality pledges[J]. Climate Change Research, 2021, 17(1): 88-97.

图/表 3

表1 各国LTS中的碳中和目标情况

Table 1 The basic elements of countries’ LTS and “net zero carbon” targets

图1 碳中和内容分析框架

Fig. 1 The analysis framework of carbon neutrality action

图2 碳中和文件技术重点领域②(②“革新性技术深度应用”包括氢能、数字技术等。在政策法规规定了碳中和目标的国家中,芬兰、奥地利、斯洛文尼亚、冰岛由于文件可得性的原因,未纳入统计;挪威、瑞典、新西兰、丹麦、西班牙、匈牙利和智利立法规定了碳中和目标的责任机构,未指出技术目标,未纳入统计。因此,图2共对15个国家的碳中和文件技术重点领域进行了统计。)

Fig. 2 Mitigation areas identified in carbon neutrality files②

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