1979—2016年四川盆地低涡的气候特征分析

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2019.051

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用6 h一次、水平分辨率为0.25°×0.25°的ERA-Interim再分析资料,对1979—2016年生成于四川盆地的西南涡的发生和发展进行统计分析。结果表明：四川盆地低涡集中生成于盆地内;在6月生成最多,7月发展最强;按移动情况不同可将其分为5类：东移型、东北移型、东南移型、西移型和少动型;东移型、东南移型、少动型低涡生成个数的峰值在6月,东北移型和西移型低涡生成个数的峰值在7月。夏季5类长生命史四川盆地低涡的结构和降水合成场表明：从发展强度看,东北移型最强,少动型最弱。从成熟期垂直结构看,除西移型外,低涡均随高度向西北或向西倾斜,在对流层低层为冷性结构,中层为暖性结构;东移型、东北移型、西移型低涡的正涡度区在垂直方向伸展更高;除东南移型、西移型低涡的强上升区与其中心重合外,其余类型位于其中心东侧。从降水特征看,除西移型外,其余类型低涡的降水中心均位于其移动路径东侧或东北侧,其中东北移型低涡成熟期6 h累计降水量最大。四川盆地低涡的强上升区、相对湿度大值区、位于对流层低层和中层的辐合辐散中心与降水所在位置有很好的对应关系,各物理量场相互作用共同促进低涡发展。

关键词: 四川盆地低涡, 气候特征, 合成分析, 垂直结构, 降水

Abstract:

Using the 6 h, 0.25°×0.25° ERA-Interim reanalysis data during 1979-2016, the vortexes generated from Sichuan Basin are detected and analyzed. The results show that the generation of Sichuan Basin vortex is mainly concentrated in Sichuan Basin. It is the most frequent in June and strongest in July. Sichuan Basin vortexes can be divided into 5 categories according to its migration, including eastward-migrating type, northeastward-migrating type, southeastward-migrating type, westward-migrating type and stationary type. The generation of eastward-migrating, southeastward-migrating, and stationary types of Sichuan Basin vortexes peaks in June, while that of other types peaks in July. Structure and precipitation of long-lived Sichuan Basin vortexes in summer are discussed through a composite analysis. The northeast-migrating type is the strongest and the stationary type is the weakest. Concerning the structure in the maturation stage, except the westward-migrating type, vortexes of other categories are cold at lower layers and warm at middle layers, with a northwest or west tilt. Eastward-migrating, northeastward-migrating and westward-migrating types can reach higher levels than others. The strongest ascent motion of southeastward-migrating and westward-migrating types coincides with the vorticity center, while it is located at the east side of the vortex center for others. For precipitation, except for the westward-migrating type, the maximum 6 h-precipitation appears at the east or northeast side of the vortex center. And 6 h-precipitation of northeastward-migrating type is the strongest among all types. For the Sichuan Basin vortex, there is a good correspondence among the strong ascent motion, the high relative humidity, the convergence and divergence centers at the middle and lower troposphere, and the location of precipitation. The interaction of various physical quantity fields jointly promotes the development of the vortex.

Key words: Sichuan Basin vortex, Climatological characteristics, Composite analysis, Vertical structure, Precipitation

刘冲,赵平. 1979—2016年四川盆地低涡的气候特征分析[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2020, 16(2): 203-214.

LIU Chong,ZHAO Ping. Climatological characteristics of Sichuan Basin vortex during 1979-2016[J]. Climate Change Research, 2020, 16(2): 203-214.

图/表 9

图1 1979—2016年四川盆地低涡生成个数的区域分布

Fig. 1 Regional distribution of the generation number of Sichuan Basin vortexes during 1979-2016

图2 四川盆地低涡生成个数随水平尺度(a)和生命史(b)的分布

Fig. 2 Distribution of the generation number of Sichuan Basin vortexes as a function of size (a) and duration (b)

图3 各月四川盆地低涡的生成个数(a),平均水平尺度(b),平均维持时间(c),移出率(d)

Fig. 3 Monthly variation of Sichuan Basin vortexes in the generation number (a), averaged size (b), averaged duration (c),and migration rate (d)

图4 移出源地的四川盆地低涡的移动路径

Fig. 4 The moving tracks of Sichuan Basin vortexes that move out of the target area (a) eastward-migrating type, (b) northeastward-migrating type, (c) southeastward-migrating type, (d) westward-migrating type (blue dot indicates the generation of a vortex, green dot indicates the degeneration of the vortex, while red line connecting the two dots shows the moving track of the vortex)

表1 各类型四川盆地低涡生成个数的月变化

Tab.1 Monthly variation of the generation number of different types of Sichuan Basin vortex

图5 合成的夏季各类型长生命史四川盆地低涡经向剖面注：图中的垂直速度为实际垂直速度的100倍,风场单位为m/s;蓝色实线表示相对湿度,单位为%。

Fig. 5 South-north cross sections of composite fields for different types of long-lived Sichuan Basin vortexes in summer (vertical velocity has been increased a hundredfold, unit for wind vectors: m/s; blue lines indicate relative humidity, unit: %)

图6 同图5,但为纬向剖面

Fig. 6 Same as Fig. 5, but for west-east cross sections of composite fields for different types of long-lived Sichuan Basin vortexes in summer

图7 合成的夏季长生命史四川盆地低涡成熟期温度和水平散度场注：黑色线表示水平散度,单位为10-5s-1 。

Fig. 7 Composite temperature and divergence fields for long-lived Sichuan Basin vortexes in summer (black lines indicate divergence)

图8 合成的夏季长生命史四川盆地低涡6 h移动路径和6 h累计降水量注：黑点表示不同阶段的低涡平均初始位置,红点表示低涡6 h后位置。

Fig. 8 Composite moving tracks and precipitation in 6 hours for long-lived Sichuan Basin vortexes in summer (the black dot indicates the averaged initial location of the vortex in different developing periods, and the red dot indicates the location of the vortex after 6 h)

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