《联合国气候变化框架公约》适应谈判历程回顾与展望

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2019.057

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

减缓和适应是应对气候变化的互补性策略,但在《联合国气候变化框架公约》（简称《公约》）的谈判中,适应在很长一段时期都处于减缓的从属地位。《公约》20多年的适应谈判进程可划为早期缓慢发展、科学和技术讨论、适应与减缓并重、增强适应行动和全面适应行动5个阶段,呈现出由无到有、重要性不断增强的特点。这一特点反映了全球对气候变化影响和适应重要性认识的不断深入及适应气候变化挑战的不断增强。未来适应谈判将聚焦于如何通过《公约》现有机制增强行动及如何增加适应资金以满足发展中国家的适应需求。

关键词: 联合国气候变化框架公约（UNFCCC）, 坎昆适应框架, 巴黎协定, 气候谈判, 适应

Abstract:

Mitigation and adaptation are complementary strategies in response to climate change. However, adaptation had long been subordinate to mitigation in the negotiation process under the United Nations Framework on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Generally, the adaptation negotiation under UNFCCC over the past more than 20 years could be divided into five stages: early slow progress, science and technical discussion, parity with mitigation, enhanced adaptation action and full-scale adaptation action. The adaptation-related agenda items and their importance have been increased under the UNFCCC negotiation regime over the past decade, which reflects the deepening understanding of the significance of climate change impacts and adaptation of human society as well as increasing challenges for climate change adaptation globally. Future adaptation will focus on how to enhance global, regional and national adaptation actions through existing UNFCCC mechanisms, and how to mobilize adaptation finance to meet the increasing adaptation needs of developing countries.

Key words: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Cancun Adaptation Framework, Paris Agreement, Climate negotiation, Adaptation

陈敏鹏. 《联合国气候变化框架公约》适应谈判历程回顾与展望[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2020, 16(1): 105-116.

Min-Peng CHEN. Progress and outlook of adaptation negotiation under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change[J]. Climate Change Research, 2020, 16(1): 105-116.

图/表 5

图1 《公约》适应谈判的里程碑及阶段划分注：NAPA,National Adaptation Programmes of Action,国家适应行动规划;LEG,Least Developed Countries Expert Group,最不发达国家专家工作组;SCCF,Special Climate Change Fund,气候变化特别基金;LDCF,Least Developed Countries Fund,最不发达国家基金;AF,Adaptation Fund,适应基金;NWP,Nairobi Work Programme on impacts, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change,内罗毕工作计划;CAF,Cancun Adaptation Framework,坎昆适应框架;NAP,National Adaptation Plan,国家适应计划;AC,Adaptation Committee,适应委员会;PA,Paris Agreement,巴黎协定;GCF,Green Climate Fund,绿色气候基金;GGA,Global Goal on Adaptation,全球适应目标;NDC,National Determined Contribution,国家自主贡献

Fig. 1 Milestones and stages of adaptation negotiation for United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

表1 COP24通过的适应信息通报特征[35]

Table 1 Features of Adaptation Communication adopted by the COP24 for UNFCCC [35]

图2 《公约》适应相关机构安排

Fig. 2 Adaptation bodies under UNFCCC

表2 《公约》不同机构的功能概述

Table 2 An overview of functions of various adaptation-related bodies under UNFCCC

表3 国家适应行动规划（NAPA）和国家适应计划（NAP）进程的比较[43,44]

Table 3 Comparison of National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPA) and the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) processes [43,44]

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