北疆冬季降水异常的环流特征和水汽输送分析

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2018.044

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用1979—2016年北疆冬季49个气象站日降水资料和ERA-Interim再分析资料（0.5°×0.5°),对北疆冬季降水的时空特征、水汽输送及环流形势进行研究。结果发现,北疆冬季降水的水汽输送通道有2条：地中海-黑海-里海-咸海-巴尔喀什湖-北疆为西方路径,红海-波斯湾/里海南侧-巴尔喀什湖-北疆为西南路径,其中以西方路径为主。500 hPa高纬高（低）压、西伯利亚瞬变低压（高压）和伊朗高原脊（槽）的异常活跃促使北疆一致降水偏多（少),500 hPa斯堪的纳维亚半岛正（负）距平、西伯利亚-伊朗高原负（正）距平的活跃和地中海低压槽（高压脊）的异常活跃导致北疆西北部降水偏多（少),500 hPa巴尔喀什湖西南侧西南-东北负（正）距平的活跃和西伯利亚正（负）距平的活跃造成北疆西部降水偏多（少),其中全区降水一致型是北疆降水的主要分布型。

关键词: 北疆, 冬季降水, 水汽输送, 环流特征

Abstract:

Circulation feature and water vapor transport of winter precipitation anomaly were studied by using the ERA-Interim reanalysis data and the daily rainfall observations of 49 meteorological stations in winter in Northern Xinjiang during 1979-2016. The analyzed results showed that two routes of water vapor transport had an effect on winter precipitation in Northern Xinjiang. The west water vapor passage was Mediterranean Sea-Black Sea-Caspian Sea-Aral Sea-Balkhash Lake-Northern Xinjiang, the southwest water vapor passage was Red Sea-Persian Gulf/southern Caspian Sea-Balkhash Lake-Northern Xinjiang. Two of the passages, the west water vapor passage was more important. The reasons for more (less) winter rainfall in Northern Xinjiang were that, on 500 hPa, high (Low) pressure was anomaly active in high latitude, transient low-pressure disturbance (high pressure) was unusually active in Siberia and high-pressure ridge (low-pressure trough) was unusually in Iranian plateau. The reasons for more (less) winter rainfalls in the northwest of Northern Xinjiang were that, on 500 hPa, positive (negative) anomaly was active in Scandinavian Peninsula, negative (positive) anomaly was active in Siberia-Iranian plateau, and low-pressure trough (high-pressure ridge) was unusually active in Mediterranean. The reasons for more (less) winter rainfalls in the west of Northern Xinjiang were that, on 500 hPa, negative (positive) anomaly was active in the southwest side of the Balkhash Lake, positive (negative) anomaly was active in Siberia. Three of the distributions, the most main distribution pattern was consistent in wintertime precipitation in Northern Xinjiang.

Key words: Northern Xinjiang, Winter precipitation, Water vapor transport, Circulation feature

李亚云,杨莲梅. 北疆冬季降水异常的环流特征和水汽输送分析[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2018, 14(5): 465-474.

Ya-Yun LI,Lian-Mei YANG. Analysis of circulation feature and water vapor transport of winter precipitation anomaly in Northern Xinjiang[J]. Climate Change Research, 2018, 14(5): 465-474.

图/表 10

图1 1979—2016年新疆冬季平均降水量分布

Fig. 1 Distribution of annual precipitation during 1979-2016 in winter in Xinjiang

图2 北疆冬季平均整层水汽通量散度(a)和降水量的标准化值(b)

Fig. 2 Winter water vapor flux divergence (a) and standardization of precipitation (b) in Northern Xinjiang

Table 1 Variance contribution and accumulated variance contribution of the five main modes of wintertime precipitation in Northern Xinjiang

图3 北疆冬季3种降水模态的空间分布和时间系数

Fig. 3 The spatial distribution and time-coefficient series of three main modes of wintertime precipitation in Northern Xinjiang

图4 1000~700 hPa水汽通量(a)、700~300 hPa水汽通量(b)、1000~300 hPa水汽通量(c)分别与北疆冬季年降水量的相关场

Fig. 4 The correlation field between wintertime precipitation in Northern Xinjiang and the water vapor fluxes in the low-level (a), the upper-level (b), and the all-level (c), respectively (The correlation coefficients that are statistically significant at 90% confidence level are shaded; heavy and light shadings indicate positive and negative coefficient, respectively )

图5 整层水汽通量分量场及其与北疆冬季降水量的相关场

Fig. 5 The whole water vapor flux component field and its correlation field with wintertime precipitation in Northern Xinjiang

图6 北疆水汽输送边界示意图(a)和各边界水汽收支及冬季平均降水量时间序列(b)

Fig. 6 The boundary of water vapor transport (a) and the time series of water vapor budget of every boundary and wintertime precipitation (b)

图7 北疆冬季降水偏多年和偏少年的整层水汽通量和环流场

Fig. 7 The water vapor flux and circulation feature in wet (a, c, e) /dry (b, d, f) years in Northern Xinjiang: (a, b) height anomaly fields on 500 hPa, (c, d) wind anomaly fields on 700 hPa, (e, f) anomaly of water vapor flux (The anomalies that are statistically significant at 95% confidence level are shaded)

图8 北疆西北部冬季降水偏多年和偏少年的整层水汽通量和环流场

Fig. 8 The water vapor flux and circulation feature in wet (a, c, e) /dry (b, d, f) years in the northwest of Northern Xinjiang: (a, b) height anomaly fields on 500 hPa, (c, d) wind anomaly fields on 700 hPa, (e, f) anomaly of water vapor flux (The anomalies that are statistically significant at 95% confidence level are shaded)

图9 北疆西部冬季降水偏多年和偏少年的整层水汽通量和环流场

Fig. 9 The water vapor flux and circulation feature in wet (a, c, e) /dry (b, d, f) years in the west of Northern Xinjiang: (a, b) height anomaly fields on 500hPa, (c, d) wind anomaly fields on 700hPa, (e, f) anomaly of water vapor flux (The anomalies that are statistically significant at 95% confidence level are shaded)

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