近20年来风电场（群）对气候的影响研究进展

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2017.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着风电场的大规模开发,其对气候的影响受到关注,自2000年以来美国和欧洲等国陆续开展了一定的研究,中国也开展了一些观测和模拟研究,对已有研究进行综述可指导这项工作的进一步开展。通过对文献的梳理,总结了风电场对气候影响的研究进程、研究方法、影响机理和研究成果。大量观测和数值模拟结果显示风电场会导致地表气温上升,风电场下游一定距离范围内风速衰减,并间接影响降水、蒸发等其他气象要素,风电场对局地气候变化产生影响的结论具有较高信度;部分模式模拟结果显示未来大规模风电场（群）开发对全球气候也有可能产生一定影响,但仍需进一步的探索。

关键词: 风电场, 气候影响, 局地气候, 气温, 风速

Abstract:

With the large-scale development of wind farms, its influence on climate is concerned. Since 2000, a few of studies have been carried out in countries such as the U.S. and Europe. China is still in the infancy, and the review of existing research can guide the further development of this work. The research progress, methods, influence mechanism and research results of impacts of wind farms on climate were summarized. A large number of observation and simulation results show that wind farms caused the rise of surface temperature and attenuation of downwind speed, it also affected precipitation, evaporation and other meteorological elements indirectly. The conclusion that wind farm has an influence on local climate change has reliability. Some model simulating results show that large-scale wind farm groups in the future may have an impact on global climate and further exploration is needed.

Key words: Wind farm, Influence on climate, Local climate, Temperature, Wind speed

陈正洪,何飞,崔杨,张雪婷. 近20年来风电场（群）对气候的影响研究进展[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2018, 14(4): 381-391.

Zheng-Hong CHEN,Fei HE,Yang CUI,Xue-Ting ZHANG. Advances in research of influence on climate of the group of wind farms in past 20 years[J]. Climate Change Research, 2018, 14(4): 381-391.

图/表 4

表1 近20年国内外风电场气候效应研究一览表

Table 1 List of climatic effects researches of wind farms domestic and overseas since 2000

图1 风电场运行可能对风电场及周边地区气候影响示意图.

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the climate impact of wind farms on wind farms and surrounding areas.

图2 采用RAMS模拟风电场在不同气温倾斜率下对300 m以下温度造成的变化散点图[20].

Fig. 2 The scatter diagram of temperature change of different temperature tilting rate under 300 m in wind farms simulated by RAMS [20] .

图3 风电场轮毂高度70 m处风电场内部及下游不同扇区平均风速变化曲线 [41] 注：不同曲线表示尾流中心平均±1?~±20?的风向所对应的风速;U代表入射风速;WS指入射风的主导方向（即尾流中心的方向)。

Fig. 3 The curve of average wind speed inside and downstream of wind farm at a height of 70 m [41].

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