南极长城站和中山站降水形态变化特征的研究

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2017.188

气候变化研究进展 ›› 2018, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (2): 120-126.doi: 10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2017.188

南极长城站和中山站降水形态变化特征的研究

韩微^1,², 效存德³(), 郭晓寅¹, 张东启¹

1 中国气象科学研究院极地气象研究室,北京 100081
2 南京信息工程大学,南京 210044
3 北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京 100875

收稿日期:2017-09-13 修回日期:2017-10-27 出版日期:2018-03-30 发布日期:2018-03-30
作者简介:
作者简介：韩微,女,博士研究生;效存德(通信作者),男,研究员,cdxiao@bnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41425003,41771064);中国气象科学研究院基本科研业务项目(2015Z005）

Variations of precipitation form at the Great Wall station and Zhongshan station, Antarctica

Wei HAN^1,², Cun-De XIAO³(), Xiao-Yin GUO¹, Dong-Qi ZHANG¹

1 Institute of Polar Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
2 Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
3 State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;

Received:2017-09-13 Revised:2017-10-27 Online:2018-03-30 Published:2018-03-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用南极长城站1985—2015年和中山站1989—2015年的天气现象记录和日平均气温资料,分析两站降水、降雨和降雪日数的长期变化特征及其变化趋势,并讨论了长城站降水形态变化与当地气温和阿蒙森低压变化的联系。结果表明：长城站降水日数较多,年总降水日数为236~343 d,有增加的趋势,变化速率为4.51 d/10a;其中降雨日数为74~185 d,降雪日数为157~282 d,增加的速率分别为2.68 d/10a和1.25 d/10a。而中山站年降水日数较少,年总降水日数为104~173 d,有减小的趋势,变化速率为-1.30 d/10a,中山站全年气温几乎都在0℃以下,降雨稀少,降雪为主要的降水形态。长城站年平均气温和降雨日数与总降水日数的比值（雨日比）显著正相关,在增温速率较大的秋季（3—5月),雨日比也显著增加(4.36%/10a)。降水形态受气温的影响很大,随着气温升高,长城站年降水日数中降雨日数的比重增加。秋季阿蒙森低压经向中心的东移有利于暖湿气流吹向南极半岛,也促进了降雨的发生。

关键词: 南极, 长城站, 中山站, 降水形态

Abstract:

In this paper, different precipitation form data (rainfall days and snowfall days) were analyzed based on the observations of automatic weather stations at the Great Wall station (GW) and Zhongshan station (ZS) during 1985-2015 and 1989-2015, respectively. The relationship between surface air temperature, Amundsen Sea Low and different precipitation form in the station were also discussed. The results showed that the precipitation days at GW were more than at ZS. The annual total precipitation days, rainfall days and snowfall days showed increasing trends at GW. During 1985-2015, the number of annual total precipitation days, rainfall days and snowfall days at GW were 236-343 d, 74-185 d and 157-282 d, respectively, with an increasing trend of 4.51 d/10a, 2.68 d/10a and 1.25 d/10a, respectively. At ZS, where the snowfall was the main precipitation form, the annual total precipitation days showed a slight decrease (1.30 d/10a) during 1989-2015 (104-173 d). The temperature was positively correlated with the ratio between rainfall days and precipitation days, especially in the autumn Mar?May, the ratio between rainfall days and precipitation days had an increasing trend significantly (4.36%/10a). It is suggested that a warmer climate may be associated with higher fraction of precipitation falling as rain in the vicinity of GW. And the Amundsen Sea Low also has an impact on the precipitation form in GW. The eastward moving of Amundsen Sea Low in autumn leads to the warm, wet winds that blow to the Antarctic Peninsula stronger. It is conducive to the rainfall in GW.

Key words: Antarctica, Great Wall station, Zhongshan station, Precipitation form

韩微, 效存德, 郭晓寅, 张东启. 南极长城站和中山站降水形态变化特征的研究[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2018, 14(2): 120-126.

Wei HAN, Cun-De XIAO, Xiao-Yin GUO, Dong-Qi ZHANG. Variations of precipitation form at the Great Wall station and Zhongshan station, Antarctica[J]. Climate Change Research, 2018, 14(2): 120-126.

图/表 6

图1 长城站（1985—2015年）和中山站（1989—2015年）月总降水、降雨和降雪日数的年变化

Fig. 1 Variations of monthly total precipitation days, rainfall days and snowfall days for the Great Wall station (1985-2015) and Zhongshan station (1989-2015)

图2 长城站（1985—2015年）和中山站（1989—2015年）月平均气温的年变化

Fig. 2 Variations of monthly mean temperature for the Great Wall station (1985-2015) and Zhongshan Station (1989-2015)

图3 长城站（1985—2015年）和中山站（1989—2015年）年总降水日数、降雨日数和降雪日数的时间序列及变化趋势注：上下两条直线为平均值加减2倍标准差。

Fig. 3 Variations of annual total precipitation days, rainfall days and snowfall days for the Great Wall Station (1985-2015) and Zhongshan station (1989-2015)

图4 长城站（1985—2015年）雨日比随气温的变化情况

Fig. 4 Ratio between rainfall days and precipitation days vs surface air temperature in the Great Wall station (1985-2015)

图5 长城站（1985—2015年）平均气温和雨日比的时间序列及线性趋势

Fig. 5 Variations of annual mean, spring mean, autumn mean, temperature and the ratio between rainfall days and precipitation days for the Great Wall station (1985-2015)

图6 1985—2015年秋季阿蒙森低压经向中心与长城站雨日比的时间序列及其线性趋势

Fig. 6 Longitudinal location of Amundsen Sea Low and the ratio between rainfall days and precipitation days in autumn during 1985-2015

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南极长城站和中山站降水形态变化特征的研究

Variations of precipitation form at the Great Wall station and Zhongshan station, Antarctica

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