气候变化国际合作的进展与评价

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2022.086

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

气候变化是当前世界面临的巨大挑战,应对气候变化需要国际间合作已成为普遍共识。IPCC第六次评估报告（AR6）第三工作组（WGIII）报告第十四章回顾了IPCC第五次评估报告（AR5）以来气候变化国际合作的进展,基于所提出的评价体系对进展进行了系统评估。报告认为,AR5 以来气候变化国际合作最重要的进展是基于《巴黎协定》建立的以国家自主贡献为核心的全球行动模式;除《巴黎协定》外,国际上也形成了多种形式的合作机制,其中,气候俱乐部是国际气候合作研究的新热点。对于《巴黎协定》的有效性,目前国际社会存在正反两种观点,并认为《巴黎协定》能否达成既定目标取决于是否有能力强化全球下一步的集体气候行动目标和实施。

关键词: 国际合作, 气候变化, 评价体系, 进展, IPCC

Abstract:

Climate change is a significant challenge facing the world. It has become a general consensus that dealing with such a challenge requires international cooperation. The Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) of Working Group III (WGIII) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) presents an independent chapter (Chapter 14) which reviews the progress of international cooperation on climate change since the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), and systematically assesses the progress based on the proposed evaluation system. According to the report, the most important progress in climate change cooperation since AR5 is the model of nationally determined contribution (NDC) global actions established under the Paris Agreement; in addition, various forms of international cooperation mechanisms have been established, among which the Climate Club has become a new hotspot for climate change cooperation research. As for the Paris Agreement, there are two opposite views in the international community on its effectiveness, and whether it can achieve its stated goals depends on the ability to strengthen the next step of global collective climate action goals and implementation.

Key words: International cooperation, Climate change, Evaluation systems, Progress, IPCC

蒋含颖, 高翔, 王灿. 气候变化国际合作的进展与评价[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2022, 18(5): 591-604.

JIANG Han-Ying, GAO Xiang, WANG Can. Progress and evaluation of international climate change cooperation[J]. Climate Change Research, 2022, 18(5): 591-604.

图/表 4

图1 《巴黎协定》的主要特点[2] 注：箭头说明了《巴黎协定》不同要素之间的相互关系,特别是《巴黎协定》的目标、所需行动、国家自主贡献（NDC)、支持（资金、技术和能力建设)、透明度框架和全球盘点进程之间的相互关系。箭头还代表了由缔约方或非国家行为者（NSA）采取的国内减缓措施的联系。

Fig. 1 Key features of the Paris Agreement [2]

表1 《联合国气候变化框架公约》以外的气候治理[2]

Table 1 Climate governance beyond the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) [2]

表2 气候变化国际合作机制的评估指标[2]

Table 2 Criteria for assessing effectiveness of international cooperation [2]

表3 典型国际合作机制的评估示例[2]

Table 3 Illustrative examples of multi-level governance addressing criteria of effectiveness [2]

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