青藏高原中东部地区地表感热通量的时空变化特征

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2017.058

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于1970—2015年青藏高原地区78个站点的观测资料,应用物理方法计算了高原中东部地区的感热通量。利用小波分析、相关性分析等研究了高原中东部感热通量的时空特征和影响因子。结果表明,高原年平均和春夏季节,感热通量周期为3~4 a,而秋冬季节为2~3 a;感热通量的变化趋势为,1970—1980年和2001—2015年感热通量呈增加趋势,而1981—2000年呈减小趋势;高原年平均和各季节的最强感热加热中心均位于高原南坡E区（除冬季外),最弱加热区域位于高原西北部A区（夏季除外);高原春秋季节感热通量的空间分布均匀,冬夏季节有明显的梯度分布且梯度相反,夏季呈现自东到西的梯度;春季、夏季及秋季,高原感热通量和降水呈负相关;高原10 m风速的极值中心随季节北上南撤变化与地气温差的强弱变化共同决定了感热通量的季节变化。

关键词: 感热通量, 周期, 影响因子, 相关

Abstract:

Based on the site data of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) from 1970 to 2015, the sensible heat fluxes over the middle and eastern Tibetan Plateau were calculated by physical method. Moreover, according to the discrimination of average heat transfer coefficients over the middle and eastern TP, utilizing wavelet analysis, correlation analysis, we divided TP whose altitude is more than 3000 m into 7 areas to study the temporal and spatial characteristics of the sensible heat fluxes and impact factors over the TP during 1970?2015. It shows that the annual average and spring as well as summer season, sensible heat fluxes period was 3-4 a, while autumn and winter season 2-3 a. The trend of the sensible heat fluxes was increasing during 1970-1980 and 2001-2015, and decreasing during 1980-2001. The strongest heat center (maximum value of sensible heat fluxes) which include annual average and seasonal average emerged in area E (southern slope). However, the minimum value appears in area A of western TP (except summer). Its distribution was uniform in spring and autumn, and presented conspicuous gradient distribution in summer and in winter. In summer, the gradient direction was from east to west, while it was adverse in winter. Although correlation of annual averaged precipitation and annual averaged sensible heat fluxes was not high, it manifested high correlation in spring, summer and autumn. The seasonal transformation of the sensible heat flux was jointly determined by the variation of the 10 m extreme wind speed along the northward and southward and the ground-air temperature difference.

Key words: Sensible heat fluxes, Period, Impact factor, Correlation

张超, 田荣湘, 茆慧玲, 张志非, 申紫薇. 青藏高原中东部地区地表感热通量的时空变化特征[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2018, 14(2): 127-136.

Chao ZHANG, Rong-Xiang TIAN, Hui-Ling MAO, Zhi-Fei ZHANG, Zi-Wei SHEN. Temporal and spatial variation of surface sensitive heat fluxes over the middle and eastern Tibetan Plateau[J]. Climate Change Research, 2018, 14(2): 127-136.

图/表 9

图1 青藏高原站点分布

Fig. 1 Sites distribution of the Tibetan Plateau

图2 1979—2010年青藏高原植被覆盖度年平均值和各分区的热力输送系数

Fig. 2 Annual average vegetation coverage on the Tibetan Plateau during 1979-2010 and heat transfer coefficients in subareas

表1 年平均和各季节高原各分区和整体感热通量的极值及转折年份

Table 1 The sub-region extreme value of the sensible heat fluxes over the Tibetan Plateau and each season

图3 1970—2015年青藏高原分区和整体感热通量的年际变化

Fig. 3 Inter-annual variation of sensible heat fluxes over the Tibetan Plateau and sub-region during 1970-2015

图4 1970—2015年高原感热通量的空间分布

Fig. 4 Spatial distribution of sensible heat fluxes over the Tibetan Plateau during 1970-2015

图5 高原感热通量周期的显著性检验

Fig. 5 The significance test of period of the sensible heat fluxes over the Tibetan Plateau

表2 1980—2015年高原感热通量与其影响因子的相关分析

Table 2 Correlation analysis of sensible heat fluxes and its influencing factors from 1980 to 2015 in the Tibetan Plateau

图6 1970—2015年高原地气温差的空间分布

Fig. 6 Spatial distributions of ground-air temperature difference during 1970-2015

图7 1970—2015年高原10 m风速的空间分布

Fig. 7 Spatial distributions of 10 m wind during 1970-2015

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