气候变化研究进展 ›› 2012, Vol. 8 ›› Issue (6): 417-425.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1719.2012.06.005

• 气候变化与水资源专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

作物生长对流域水文过程与区域气候的影响

秦佩华1,陈锋2,3,谢正辉1   

  1. 1 中国科学院大气物理研究所
    2 浙江省气象科学研究所
  • 收稿日期:2012-02-16 修回日期:2012-04-09 出版日期:2012-11-30 发布日期:2012-11-30
  • 通讯作者: 谢正辉 E-mail:zxie@lasg.iap.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家重点基础研究发展计划;公益性行业（气象）科研专项;国家高技术研究发展计划

Effects of Crop Growth on Hydrological Processes over River Basins and Regional Climate

  • Received:2012-02-16 Revised:2012-04-09 Online:2012-11-30 Published:2012-11-30

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摘要： 利用区域气候模式RegCM3以及考虑作物生长过程的耦合模式RegCM3_CERES对东亚区域进行20年模拟，研究作物生长对流域水文过程与区域气候的影响。结果表明：考虑作物生长过程的耦合模式模拟海河流域、松花江流域、珠江流域多年平均降水效果明显改进，在除黑河流域外的各流域模拟的温度负偏差有所减小，其中在海河流域、淮河流域的夏季改进尤为明显。各流域夏季（6、7、8月）月蒸散量最高，其中长江流域、海河流域、淮河流域、珠江流域的夏季月蒸散量基本上在100 mm左右，并且七大流域蒸散发的季节变化趋势跟总降水基本一致。多数流域考虑作物生长过程的耦合模式模拟得出蒸散发减少且进入的水汽增加，导致局地水循环率减小；黑河流域与黄河流域降水有所增加，其他流域均有不同程度的减小。针对长江流域，比较耦合模式RegCM3_CERES与模式RegCM3模拟结果显示，叶面积指数减少1.20 m2/m2，根区土壤湿度增加0.01 m3/m3，进而导致潜热通量下降1.34 W/m2（其中在四川盆地地区减少16.00 W/m2左右），感热通量增加2.04 W/m2，从而影响到降水和气温。

关键词: 作物生长, 区域气候, 东亚季风区, 流域水文过程

Abstract: The regional climate model RegCM3 with the crop model CERES implemented was used to study the effects of crop growth and development on regional climate and hydrological processes over seven river basins of China. A 20-year numerical simulation shows that incorporating the crop growth and development processes improves simulated precipitation over Haihe River basin, Songhua River basin, and Pearl River basin; and compared with the control run RegCM3, the RegCM3_CERES reduces the negative biases of monthly mean 2-m air temperature over most river basins, especially over Haihe River basin and Huaihe River basin in summer. Maximum monthly evapotranspiration is found in summer (JJA) around 100 mm per month in the Yangtze River basin, Haihe River basin, Huaihe River basin and Pearl River basin. The seasonal and annual variations of water balance components (runoff, evapotranspiration, precipitation) over the seven river basins indicate that changes of evapotranspiration are in a good agreement with those of the total precipitation. Compared with the RegCM3, the RegCM3_CERES produces a reduced local water recycling rate over most river basins due to less evapotranspiration and more water flux into these basins; an increased precipitation in the Heihe River basin and Yellow River basin but to different extents a reduced precipitation in the rest river basins; a decline of summer leaf area index (1.20 m2/m2), an increase of root soil moisture (0.01 m3/m3), a decline of latent heat flux (1.34 W/m2, but 16.00 W/m2 in the Sichuan Basin), and an increase of sensible heat flux (2.04 W/m2) over the Yangtze River basin.

Key words: crop growth, regional climate, East Asian monsoon region, hydrological process

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