屋顶光伏为基础的农村新型能源系统战略研究

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2022.024

气候变化研究进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (3): 272-282.doi: 10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2022.024

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屋顶光伏为基础的农村新型能源系统战略研究

江亿, 胡姗()

清华大学建筑学院,北京 100084

收稿日期:2022-01-19 修回日期:2022-03-14 出版日期:2022-05-30 发布日期:2022-04-29
通讯作者: 胡姗
作者简介:江亿,男,中国工程院院士。
基金资助:
中国工程院《建筑部门碳达峰、碳中和实施路径研究》(2021-HYZD-14);清华大学-中国华能集团有限公司基础能源联合研究院(HNKJ20-H50);中国能源模型论坛(CEMF)

Research on the development strategy of production and consumption integrated roof-top PV system in rural China

JIANG Yi, HU Shan()

Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Received:2022-01-19 Revised:2022-03-14 Online:2022-05-30 Published:2022-04-29
Contact: HU Shan

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

当前我国农村仍然面临着经济发展、清洁用能、环境保护、减少碳排放等多重问题,文中对我国农村地区发展屋顶光伏系统的资源潜力、技术方案、融资模式和重要意义进行了深入探讨和定量分析,结果表明,我国农村地区面临着能源、环境、经济发展的多重问题,“双碳”战略给解决“三农”问题提供了新的发展契机。发展以农村屋顶光伏系统为基础的新型农村能源系统是解决“三农”问题、实现乡村振兴的重点工作,也是我国建成新型电力系统、实现能源系统低碳转型的突破口和着力点。

关键词: 农村能源, "三农"问题, "双碳"战略, 农村新型能源系统, 屋顶光伏

Abstract:

China has achieved the first century goal to build a moderately prosperous society, but rural revitalization is one of the key issues to be faced and solved towards the second century goal of building a socialist modern country. At present, China’s rural areas are still facing multiple problems such as economic development, clean energy use, environmental protection and carbon emission reduction. Through rural energy transformation, a new rural energy system can be built. This could not only achieve the “dual carbon” goal of rural China, but also be the main solutions to promote the development of rural industries and rural ecological governance, and an important foundation to realize the rural revitalization strategy. In this paper, the potential, technical route, financing mode and significance of developing roof-top distributed photovoltaic system in rural China are thoroughly discussed and quantitatively analyzed. The results show that rural China are facing multiple problems including energy, environment and economic development. The development of new rural energy system based on distributed photovoltaic system on rural rooftops is one of the most effective pathways to solve issues of agriculture, rural areas, and rural people. This is also the breakthrough point for China to build a new power system and achieve low-carbon energy system.

Key words: Rural energy, “Three Rural” issues, Dual carbon strategy, New rural energy system, Roof-top PV system

江亿, 胡姗. 屋顶光伏为基础的农村新型能源系统战略研究[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2022, 18(3): 272-282.

JIANG Yi, HU Shan. Research on the development strategy of production and consumption integrated roof-top PV system in rural China[J]. Climate Change Research, 2022, 18(3): 272-282.

图/表 6

表1 “十三五”期间农村能源相关补贴汇总

Table 1 Summary of rural-energy-related subsidies during the 13th Five-Year-Plan period

表2 农村用电量的现状及未来情景

Table 2 Current status and future scenarios of rural electricity consumption

图1 山西省芮城某典型农户住宅屋顶面积和可安装光伏面积示意图

Fig. 1 Roof area and PV capacity for a typical farmhouse in Ruicheng, Shanxi province

图2 农村基于屋顶光伏的村级直流微网系统示意图

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of rural rooftop photovoltaic system and village-level DC microgrid

表3 农户屋顶光伏系统的成本构成

Table 3 Cost of rooftop PV system for a rural household

图3 我国未来电力系统供需平衡示意图 ===注：图中带有底色的方框指的是风光电,其中浅灰为分散的风光电,深灰为集中风光电。kW为单位的数据表示电源装机容量,kW∙h为单位的数据表示用户用电量或电源发电量。1)采用CCUS（CO2捕集、利用和封存）回收生物质、燃煤和燃气调峰火电的CO2排放共8亿t,剩余排放量小于生物质燃料排放量。

Fig. 3 Future supply and demand balance of China’s zero-carbon power system

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屋顶光伏为基础的农村新型能源系统战略研究

Research on the development strategy of production and consumption integrated roof-top PV system in rural China

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