北疆冰雪运动气候适宜性及其变化特征

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2020.235

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于北疆43站的降雪量、日平均气温、日最高气温以及日平均风速等资料,应用冰雪运动气候适宜性指数(ISCI),对1961—2017年冬春季北疆的冰雪运动适宜性及其变化特征进行评估,结果如下：(1)北疆大部分站点都适宜开展冰雪运动,阿勒泰等地最为适宜,但伊犁河谷大部分站点、阿拉山口与达坂城等地适宜程度相对较低。(2)冰雪运动气候适宜程度与降雪量并非线性关系,北疆冬春季区域平均降雪量越大,很适宜与不适宜开展冰雪运动的站点都越多。海拔在1200 m以上的站点均适宜开展冰雪运动。(3) ISCI指数的年际差异明显,区域平均ISCI指数随时间推进而减小,但不同站点的ISCI指数线性变化趋势有升有降。1998—2017年期间,北疆适宜冰雪运动的站点较之前大范围减少。(4)阿勒泰地区各站在所有时间阶段中均适宜开展冰雪运动,尤其是阿勒泰北部,冰雪运动气候适宜程度呈阶段性增大,而伊犁河谷大部分站点的冰雪运动适宜程度整体呈阶段性减小。

关键词: 冰雪运动, 气候适宜性, 空间分布, 年际差异

Abstract:

Based on the data of snowfall, daily average temperature, daily maximum temperature and daily average wind speed of 43 stations in Northern Xinjiang, the model of ice-snow sport climate index (ISCI) was used to evaluate the climatic suitability and its variation character of winter-spring ice-snow sport in Northern Xinjiang from 1961 to 2017. The results are as follows. (1) The most stations in Northern Xinjiang were suitable for ice-snow sport, the best suitable stations generally distributed in Altay region, but the suitability degree was relatively lower in most stations of Yili Valley, Alataw Pass and Dabancheng etc. (2) All of the stations are suitable for ice-snow sport with altitude above 1200 m. Climatic suitability of ice-snow sport was not linear relationship with snowfall. The station amount of very suitable and unsuitable for ice-snow sport will both enlarge with winter-spring average snowfall increase in Northern Xinjiang. (3) Yearly differences of ISCI are obviously. The regional average ISCI is decrease with time, but the linear change trend of ISCI is increase at some stations but decrease at the others. The suitable stations for ice-snow sport are reducing widely than before 1998. (4) Stations in Altay region are suitable for ice-snow sport in all time stages. Especially in the north of Altay, the ISCI are increase with time stage, whereas the ISCI are decrease periodically at the most stations of Yili Valley.

Key words: Ice-snow sport, Climatic suitability, Spatial distribution, Yearly differences

李淑娟, 毛炜峄, 陈静, 姚俊强, 李建刚, 迪丽努尔∙托列吾别克. 北疆冰雪运动气候适宜性及其变化特征[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2021, 17(5): 537-547.

Li Shu-Juan, Mao Wei-Yi, Chen Jing, Yao Jun-Qiang, Li Jian-Gang, Dilinuer·Tuoliewubieke. Climatic suitability and its variation character of ice-snow sport in Northern Xinjiang[J]. Climate Change Research, 2021, 17(5): 537-547.

图/表 9

图1 北疆站点分布

Fig. 1 Station distribution in Northern Xinjiang

表1 冰雪运动气候指数各指标赋值等级

Table 1 Element assignment grade of ice-snow sport climate index (ISCI)

表2 冰雪运动适宜程度与对应ISCI取值范围

Table 2 Suitability of ice-snow sport and corresponding range of ISCI

图2 不同年份的ISCI空间分布

图3 1961—2017年ISCI适宜程度年份比例的空间分布

Fig. 3 Spatial distribution of years proportion in different ISCI suitability grade during 1961-2017

图4 1961—2017年ISCI适宜程度的年份比例随海拔及地理的分布

Fig. 4 The years proportion to different ISCI suitability degree along with altitude and geography distribution during 1961-2017

图5 1961—2017年北疆区域平均ISCI年际变化特征

Fig. 5 Yearly variation character of regional average ISCI in Northern Xinjiang during 1961-2017

图6 1961—2017年4个代表站的ISCI随时间的变化特征

Fig. 6 ISCI character of 4 representative stations along with time variation during 1961-2017

Fig. 7 ISCI variation character during different time stages in Northern Xinjiang (a) 1961-1986 (stage I), (b) 1987-1997 (stage II), (c) 1998-2017 (stage III), (d) the bias between stage II and I, (e) the bias between stage III and I, (f) the bias between stage III and II

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